“We are here to awaken from our illusion of separateness.”
— Thich Nhat Hanh, Zen Buddhist and author of “The Miracle of Mindfulness” and other bestsellers
“Be a lamp unto yourself.” — Reputed to be the last words of Gautama Buddha
An article from Scholastic Parent and Child Magazine (October 2011) was given to children in a public school kindergarten class in Northern Virginia to take home to their parents. The article, “It’s All In Your Mind,” by Lynne Ticknor, promotes Mindfulness, a Buddhist concept and meditation practice, along with a brief interview of Goldie Hawn and her Eastern-based Mind-Up program for schools. This article is only one of many that have been written documenting and promoting the latest invasion of Eastern spirituality in our schools.
THE RELIGION OF IT
The article refers to mindfulness as “based in the philosophy of Buddhism” and quickly adds, “But it’s not religion” and “there are no spiritual overtones.” However, the very concept and practice of mindfulness is religious. Mindfulness is the seventh step in the Buddhist Noble Eight-fold Path. Its increasing visibility and acceptance in the West is largely due to its promotion by Buddhist adherents, such as Jon Kabat-Zinn, a Zen Buddhist who has heavily influenced the health community, and by Thich Nhat Hanh, a Buddhist monk and bestselling author.
Buddhism is a world-denying religion. It teaches that reality as we see and experience it is not, in fact, reality.** We think it is only because we identify with our body, feelings, thoughts, sensations, and reactions as a result of having been born into this world. There is no self (no-self is called anatman or anatta); the concept of self is a result of these false identifications with the world. Buddhism teaches that suffering is caused by desire. Birth in this world, along with our physical and mental processes, feed desire, thus continuing the cycle of desire and suffering through continual rebirth (samsara).
The only way to stop this cycle and be free of samsara – which is the goal of Buddhist practice – is to detach from desire. One of the chief methods to cultivate detachment is the practice of mindfulness. Mindfulness involves altering one’s thinking and outlook via Buddhist mindfulness meditation practice by detaching from mind and self through nonjudgmental observation. This includes the commonly heard maxim, “Be in the present,” since the goal includes detaching from past and future.
Practicing mindfulness supposedly prepares one for a breakthrough in perception, an awakening to reality, which is formlessness (sunyata, usually translated as “emptiness”). Mindfulness is particularly emphasized in Zen Buddhism and, aside from TM (Transcendental Meditation), is the Eastern practice that has most deeply penetrated the West.
Although presented as spiritually neutral, the origins and goals of mindfulness belie that stance. Many are not aware that the true goal of Buddhism, nirvana, is not some kind of Buddhist heaven, but is actually the state one reaches when one has shed all attachments and illusions, thus freeing oneself from desire and rebirth. Nirvana means “to extinguish” and is the state of cessation of desire and illusion, and therefore of suffering. What is this state like? Buddhism offers no clear answer.
Susan Kaiser Greenland, author of The Mindful Child, has been teaching mindfulness and promoting it in inner city schools through her foundation, Inner Kids Foundation. In an interview, Greenland said this about the link of mindfulness to Buddhism:
“The Buddhist foundations/applications of the secular mindfulness work can be a great strength rather than an Achilles heel if reframed as a well-established, evidence based training protocol shown to reduce stress, improve immune function, develop executive function and attention with measurable results when it comes to changes not just in the health and wellness of the individual but also in the likelihood of an individual who has undergone that training in engaging in social, compassionate action.”
She acknowledges that Buddhism is the foundation of Mindfulness, but implies that if Mindfulness can be “reframed” using terms related to mental health and stress reduction, then the messy religion issue can be circumvented.
THE BREATHING OF IT
The article states that children are taught to focus on their breathing, “an age-old exercise in finding calm and balance – or their ‘center.'” One photograph shows a mother and child sitting in lotus position with eyes closed. Another shows two young children (about age 6) sitting side-by-side in a lotus position with eyes closed. Clearly, there is more than just breathing going on. The breathing technique is part and parcel of the Mindfulness meditation.
Mindful meditation involves breathing a certain way, but it is also a way to transcend thinking. Focusing on slow breathing is meant to transcend conceptual thinking. Breathing in this way brings one into an altered state where critical thinking and judgment are suspended. In Buddhism, such thinking interferes with spiritual insight and awareness.
Buddhism absorbed much from Taoism, which sprang from early Chinese shamanistic assumption of a universal force, chi, that infuses the world. In fact, Zen Buddhism is a mixture of Taoism and Buddhism which came from China and was called Chan (called Zen in Japan). Controlling breath was part of controlling and balancing chi, thus achieving health and longevity (in Taoist thinking). This idea of the breath as centering is very similar to the Taoist teaching that one must base one’s self in the flow of chi and thus balance the two forces of yin and yang.
THE EDUCATION OF IT
Even if the children are not doing a full-on mindfulness meditation (which would be difficult for most children), they are being introduced to it, taught how to do it, and told that it is the way to deal with their feelings and “intense emotions.” Being told that this is how to deal with anger or fear may also give the subtle message that emotions are a bad thing.
While it’s true that taking a few deep breaths when upset may calm one down, mindfulness goes way beyond that. Mindfulness as taught in schools is communicating to a child that he should always be calm, always clear-headed, always in control. This certainly could convey a negative message to more emotional children, and to children with various psychological, neurological, and emotional problems, as well as making them self-conscious about their feelings.
We have a right to ask: Is this not a type of therapy being foisted on children without parental consent? Are children, especially in the lower grades, able to handle such information? Should they be worried about their emotions? At the very least, using mindfulness should be a decision for a parent, not for the school or educators.
THE STUDIES OF IT
The article cites “studies” that mindfulness has done amazing things, such as improving memory, boosting the immune system, and has rendered child practitioners more optimistic, socially adept, compassionate, and less judgmental of themselves. Really?
Whenever we see such bold claims based on studies with no further information, we should ask: Who did these studies? How were they done? How big were the studies and over what period of time were they done? Have the results been published in professional peer-reviewed journals? If these studies were done by mindfulness-based or friendly organizations, then there is no scientific credibility.
Also, there is no way to prove that anything “boosts the immune system” since the immune system is too complex and involves many systems of the body. “Boosting the immune system” is the common claim of many fraudulent health products***
Moreover, how would one measure if a child is more optimistic or compassionate? Is this not a subjective assessment? What standards are being used for this type of measurement? In short, this reference to studies should be questioned since no scientific references or data is given, and the contentions are unreasonably overstated.
In fact, many think it is almost impossible to scientifically test the effects of something like meditation or Mindfulness due to varied factors such as:
Who is teaching or guiding it?
Where is it being done?
How is it being taught (by man or woman? voice level of teacher? mannerisms of teacher?)?
The cultural background of those being studied
All of the above factors can affect results, as well as other factors almost too countless to consider.
Think about this: how do we know what is going on when the children close their eyes? Are they really “meditating?” Maybe they are just imagining something or feeling sleepy. There is no way to know.
Do some children feel better due to the power of suggestion? Children can be very suggestible.
These are valid points to raise and challenge the claims for Mindfulness or for any type of Eastern-based meditation.
THE HYPE OF IT
Some educators are using visualization, meditation CDs and an iPad or iPhone app called BellyBio, “that helps regulate breathing rhythms.” Guided visualization is a form of hypnosis, so this should cause alarm, if indeed this form of visualization is being used.
Most meditation CDs also use forms of hypnosis; that is the nature of this type of meditation. And do parents really want teachers trying to “regulate breathing rhythms” in their children?
Mindfulness is now being marketed as aggressively as yoga has been. The word “compassion” is being joined with the term “mindfulness” (one example is a book recommended at the end of the borchure sent to parents, Mindfulness: Mothering with Mindfulness, Compassion, and Grace by Denise Roy). Buddhist teachers make frequent use of the word “compassion” (this is very common with the Dalai Lama) but the problem is that non-Buddhists do not know all the implications of this term.
Compassion in Buddhism is not simply having empathy or care for people. Compassion includes the Buddhist view that all non-human beings (called “sentient beings”) are in need of rebirth as humans, because only humans can attain enlightenment. Since rebirth can bring a human into a non-human state, the Buddhist must spread Buddhist teachings and work at his own enlightenment in order to help advance Buddhist truths so that all can eventually be liberated from the cycle of rebirth. In Buddhism, Buddhist enlightenment is the only way for such liberation. Buddhism may give lip service to an embrace of all religions, but Buddhism teaches that only the Buddhist path can liberate.
Compassion, therefore, is a religious term, not a secular one, when used in the context of Mindfulness.
THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF IT
Scholastic is the parent company of MindUP, the program started by actress Goldie Hawn, a practicing Buddhist. Scholastic, as many know, is a purveyor of many materials and programs in public schools. It is a global enterprise, creating and distributing material for use in schools and homes.
The advocacy of Mindfulness by a corporate giant such as Scholastic is a prime example of how Eastern beliefs are being endorsed and disseminated in the culture. The same thing has been happening with Yoga, which is being offered in the workplace by corporations as well as by government agencies (along with the promotion of such practices as Feng Shui, Tai Chi, and many forms of New Age alternative healing).
Children are the most vulnerable and are totally unable to critique or assess such ideas; for that reason, they make the best targets.
Parents need to monitor and mind carefully what is going on in their child’s classroom. They need to ask questions about all activities. Parents can talk to the teacher or principal and ask to opt their child out based on religious views. Even if the school denies that Mindfulness is religious, the parent can state that it conflicts with his or her faith. There is much data online that would help make a parent’s case that Mindfulness is religious.
NOTES
* The writer of this article was involved for about 14 years in various forms of Eastern meditation practices, particularly Zen.
**”Developing wisdom is a process of bringing our minds into accordance with the way things really are. Through this process we gradually remove the incorrect perceptions of reality we have had since the beginningless time.” (The Dalai Lama, An Open Heart [Boston/New York/London: Little, Brown and Company, 2001], page 86).
***On boosting the immune system:
“The idea of boosting your immunity is enticing, but the ability to do so has proved elusive for several reasons. The immune system is precisely that — a system, not a single entity. To function well, it requires balance and harmony. There is still much that researchers don’t know about the intricacies and interconnectedness of the immune response. For now, there are no scientifically proven direct links between lifestyle and enhanced immune function . . . < . . .> . . . researchers are still trying to understand how the immune system works and how to interpret measurements of immune function.” From Harvard Health Publishing
“So when something allegedly boosts the immune system, I have to ask what part. How? What is it strengthening/boosting/supporting? Antibodies? Complement? White cells? Are the results from test tubes (often meaningless), animal studies or human studies? And if in human studies, what was the study population. Are the results even meaningful? Or small, barely statistically significant, outcomes in poorly done studies? The answer, as we shall see, is usually nothing.” From “Boost Your Immune System?” by Mark Crislip